Format for a Business Report Essay

There are few standard rules for writing business reports that dictate what information should come in which section of the report. This format is followed in most of the business report examples, that one may refer to. The most widely used format consists of the following standard sections: Title Section: In a short report, this could be the first page bearing the title of the report, author name and date. The reason of making such a report could also be included in this section, so that the reader can establish an instant connection with the information in subsequent sections. In case of long reports, include the Table of Contents, Terms of References and so on. Summary: As the name suggests, this is the summary of the whole report. Then why include it in the beginning of the report itself? It is because this is the section that most of the senior personnel, who do not have enough time to go through the whole report, will read through. Hence, give a very clear and precise information about the problem/aspect of business that the report is analyzing. Also, include the main points, conclusions, recommendations and important results. Although, this section contains a lot of information, ensure that it is a small one. Treat the summary as a separate report and use bullets and numbered lists to highlight important points. Methodology: List the methodologies used in your research, like if you interviewed focus groups or consulted research firms. Also, give the reason why you resorted to using a particular methodology. Introduction: This is the first part of a proper report. Use this section to provide the background of the report. Highlight the reasons why the report is important for the readers. Include information about what is covered in the main body and the order in which the details are covered in the report. In case, the Terms of Reference has not been mentioned in the Title Section, Introduction is the section to include it. Main Body: This is the heart of the report. Arrange all the information in order of priority, so that this section follows a logical sequence. Divide this section further into subsections. Lend greater order to the Main Body using sub-titles within each subsection. A paragraph about the relevance of the findings of the report can also be included in this section. Data Tabulation: Another important factor when writing format of business report is data tabulation. Presenting your data in lists or tables can help in readily understanding the report. Also, data tabulation or listing, makes the report look professional and neat. So, accompany necessary lists or tables in your report whenever required. Make sure you use neutral colors to make tables and keep the list and tables looking neat and crisp. Conclusion: Present logical conclusions for the topic investigated in the report. One can also suggest an option for the way forward. In case, discussion has not been included in the Main Body, include it in the conclusion. Otherwise keep this section small. Recommendations: Since you have worked on the report, no one would have a better understanding of the topic than you. There may be a few solutions or actions that you think would be effective in dealing with the problem, investigated in the report. Include those solutions in this section. List them in bullets and numbered lists for easier comprehension. Appendix: Although very few people read the Appendix, the information in this section gives support to the arguments used in the report. It is the Appendix where the author includes all the sources and research information, in detail. Although it is not about creative writing, good writing skills are important in business information reports, as one needs to give comprehensive information using precise words. It is advisable to keep the language simple and lucid in a business report, specially in the Summary and the Recommendations, as these are the sections most commonly read by senior level managers. However, some technical jargon can be used in the Main Body, as this is the section that is mostly read by experts. In the world of business, time is money. Following a standard business report format is what senior level managers and busy businessmen look for, as it reflects what they value the most, that is effective utilization of time. You can find many such examples online and use them as a reference for designing a suitable report format.

Positive Response Action

Positive Response Action: The ultimate goal of website communication Summary Understanding and knowing the audience is the key to delivering the message to them. The key to harnessing the Internet’s power is to understand all of the people with whom one will communicate with. Every website should have one overriding, generic entity goal to achieve positive response action. Both content and usability can be viewed as as cognitive ? triggers? , gateways to self-gratification and consequent PRA.Every website may be classified into one of three sender motivation categories: individual, strategic stakeholder communication, non-strategic communication. Content of the article Knowing the audience is important in every field and the key to the success, for example in marketing and public relations if you want to sell your product you need to know your customers’ needs and wants, and PR specialists need to know the audience too if they want their message to be delivered in a cam paign or programme. And the key to a successful website is knowing the audence in the same way.If you know the audience you can deliver and present your message and information more efficiently and are more likely to achieve your goals. Positive response action should be the goal of a website otherwise there is no point of the site. Positive response action was defined by six website visitor positive outputs for example the time spent on the website which should tell if the visitor is satisfied but it could be also questioned, because maybe s/he is not satisfied and is spending longer time on the site because s/he can’ find the information s/he wanted.Examples from practice The objective of an individual’s website might simply be so s/he can say they have one: Many individuals and also companies have websites which are often half-finished and don’t contain a message and are just existing in the Internet. A website without a meaning could leave a wrong first impr ession of the company for example and leave the visitor unsatisfied. Graphics take often a massive amounts of memory: I have noticed that due to low-speed Internet many people find it irritating to use the social networking siteMyspace, it takes a lot of time to load the graphics as I have experienced myself and also read from other users’ comments, and many have stopped using the site because of that. „Make sure your website is fast to access and is not slowed down by large images or fancy gadgets†(Chung) : „Myspace is set up so that anyone can customize the layout and colors of their profile page with virtually no restrictions. As Myspace users are usually not skilled web developers, this can cause further problems.Poorly constructed Myspace profiles could potentially freeze up web browsers due to malformed CSS coding, or as a result of users placing many high bandwidth objects such as videos, graphics, and Flash in their profiles (sometimes multiple video s and sound files are automatically played at the same time when a profile loads). †[i] Currently (March 2011) Myspace has an estimated 34 million users compared to Facebook’s 600 million for example, the reason for lower popularity might be the inability to satisfy the users and offer them satisfying experience.Myspace was also named the worst website by PC World in the list of 25 worst websites ever. Dimensions of Customer Value of Website Communication in Business-To-Business Relationships Summary During the last decade, websites have become widely accepted means of communication in business-to-business relationships and their use and importance is increasing constantly. At the same time, internet technologies advance rapidly, increasing customer expectations of website characteristics and possibilities, pressuring companies to actively further invest in their websites.Also to justify the website investments, companies have to design websites that fit to their custom ers’ need. For that they need to understand the value of websites for customers to enable companies to meet customer needs and expectations, direct resources efficiently, predict customer behaviour and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The study portrays seven dimensions of CV of website communication in business-to-business relationships: convenience, efficiency, competence, confidence, comfort, appreciation and enjoyment. Content of the articleI agree that the qualitative methods are the most suitable for uncovering customer value dimensions as they are more in-depth and provide a more rich description conversely to the quantitative methods which involve more statistical data. It is important to fulfill the customer desired end-states that the study brought out if you want to satisfy your consumers, such as convenience and efficiency because people like to get things easily without spending very much time, nowadays in the Internet age especially people are used to getting things fast and the one who offers information or products most conveniently gets the clients and profit.Also appreciation is an interesting point that was brought out because people like little details and like to get gifts, it could play an influential role in keeping the customers or winning them to your side. Although dimensions brought up in the article was limited to the customers in the study and don’t represent all the industries and customers, these dimensions generalize the dimensions which could apply to other contexts too.However I think more research should be done in this area as the importance of website communication is increasing and companies need to know what their customers want as websites are also often the first impression of the company. Examples from practice Websites have become widely accepted means of communication in business-to-business relationships: Time is money and the Internet offers the possibility to reach to the businesses more qu ickly and also find them more quickly as businesses also do their research online. ———————– [i] Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Myspace#Accessibility_and_reliability

Assessment Philosophy Essay

In my opinion, assessment is what teachers do in order to better understand where their students are on the cognitive learning level of a subject matter. Assessment is a continuous process that takes time and understanding. As a teacher I will constantly assess my students by getting feedback from them in class. I feel that it is important for me to do this as a teacher, so I know which students need more attention on certain areas of the subject. By assessing my students, I will gain knowledge on how to use types of differentiated instruction where necessary. I believe assessment is a tool used to evaluate both the teaching and learning of  content of the student. A variety of assessment tools should be utilized to effectively reach students strengths. I realize that children learn differently and at their own pace. The types of assessment I will use to determine if my students have gotten where I want them to go will vary. Samples of my formative assessment tools I would use in the classroom would include informal and formal questioning, oral presentations, peer evaluations, variety of projects, quizzes, test, demonstrations, drawings, and web quest observations. We all have strengths and weaknesses and we all have different means of  demonstrating each. If I use a lot of assessments, and vary the types I use, it gives my students the best opportunity to show me what they have. I will allow students the opportunity to pick from various projects that will enhance their learning ability, so I can see what they are able to accomplish. As a teacher I will need to use assessments in my classroom to determine how to act upon the assessment to improve the students’ learning. I think assessments are an important part of being a successful teacher and I hope to encourage my students and show that I care about each one of them.

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry Assignment

Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry - Assignment Example According to the research findings, a number of different types of food must be consumed in order to provide the body with the energy that it needs for even the simplest of processes. Proteins must be consumed in order for the body to grow, and they are essential for the repair of the muscles, should they become damaged. Healthy fats are important to consume, as these contain vitamins, and the fat is necessary for us to survive. Minerals are important to the body's simple functions; vitamins give the body what is necessary to remain healthy, and they are soluble in fats and water, depending on what types of vitamins are consumed. Roughage is the foods that we need to eat in order to provide us with our source of fiber, and it is this fiber that enables food to be processed through our digestive tract. Finally, the last two very important elements of nutrition are carbohydrates and water. Carbohydrates are the body's most important source of energy, and water is important for all func tions of the body. Because the body is made up of approximately sixty to seventy percent of water, it is to the body's detriment if it is denied even the slightest form of water necessary for it to function. IF any of these are unbalanced in the least bit, this will cause the body to not function as it should. For one, if the body is lacking in carbohydrates, then the person will become tired and have a hard time getting tasks completed. If the body lacks water, then dehydration sets in, which can cause a myriad of problems, such as dizziness, the skin drying out, a speeding heart rate, and even death if not dealt with. Without fiber, the digestive tract cannot move; if the body is lacking in fat, then certain body processes cannot take place, such as the ability of foods to be metabolized. And finally, if vitamins, proteins, and minerals are lacking, then malnourishment can set in, and the body will not be able to heal properly, such as the muscles and tissues will not be able to r epair themselves if damaged. When nutritional balance and the appropriate level of energy are maintained, the body and its processes will run smoothly. Not to mention, health and stability will be maintained. When comparing the energy of the human body to which is measured by a bomb calorimeter, there are some differences as to how the energy is obtained. For one, the energy of a bomb calorimeter is obtained through electrical energy igniting the fuel so that the calories contained in the fuel can be measured. Secondly, pure oxygen is suppressed inside, and the combustion of these gasses, i.e. the energy that is being discharged from this technology. Gasses that have been discharged, and the water that is around the tubing is heated up, and this is contributing to the combustion. The heat and the combustion are what is the energy that is considered to be measured, which is under constant pressure. Available energy from the human body is different than that of a bomb calorimeter. Ava ilable energy is measured in a number of ways. It is measured by heart rate through various instruments, such as heart rate monitors, and it is not measured by combustion like that of the bomb calorimeter.

Professional skill Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional skill - Case Study Example In this case, the data was "personal" because the data subjects could be identified from the data. There were no emergencies to process the data, the data was processed for a new application and the data subjects were identifiable from the parameters. Assuming that the company had finished serving the purpose of obtaining the data, it needed further consent from the subjects to reuse it or it should have deleted the data as per law. (2) The Sports Goods Chain did not protect the data from being easily accessed and the company is responsible. The Seventh principle of the Act was breached with the onus of responsibility on the company. Data must be kept private and secure. This means that the data must be protected by sufficient technical and organisational means and restricted to authorised persons by means of passwords or other secure means. The responsibility of the breach lies on the sports goods chain. The breaches can be attributed to the fact that the Sports goods chain did not put sufficient technical and organisational mechanisms in place to ensure that it adequately protected its data. The company's implementation of privacy and published data protection policies were not executed properly. There was an absence of system level authentication and authorization to protect the data and make specific portions available to only those who require it. It was because of this that the contractor was able to gain unauthorised access to the data. The contractor must have been bound rigidly by the terms of the non-disclosure agreement and terms of use, which clearly define his rights, and his curtail the retention of the data for future use by him, even if he was able to access it. (3) There was unauthorized access to information by the contractor facilitated by inadequate protection by the company. The Data Protection Act of 1998, Chapter 9, Part VI section 55, (1) (a), (3) was breached. From the contractor's perspective, he accessed data and obtained data, which he should not have, in spite of the fact he was able to access it. He also retained the data for future reference. This may cause further distress to the data subjects if the data is used for other purposes that it was originally meant to be utilised. (4) There was disclosure of information of personal data for which the contractor was wholly responsible. The Data Protection Act of 1998, Chapter 9, Part VI section 55, (1) (b), (3) was breached. He discussed the wrongly acquired personal data that identified its data subjects, with his pals at the pub and that was absolutely a disclosure of information. Hence, the contractor is liable of an offence. Email Etiquette Following the right email, etiquette will ensure that there is no miscommunication or misunderstanding. It will make the usage of email more efficient, productive and professional. The fundamental rules of email are very basic and simple in personal and official communications. In organisations, the boundaries of usage are generally well documented. 1. E-mails are to be checked regularly and promptly responded. Messages need to be clear, concise, and focused and readable. Clear identity to recipient and a crisp subject line allow a hint of the content. ( http://www.iwillfollow.com/email.htm) 2. Simple fonts, sufficient formatting, adequate

International Relation- PED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Relation- PED - Essay Example growth of the political economy of development enables the exposure of the interconnected topics, ideas and the role played by such ideas towards shaping a country’s development aspects. The assignment is put together in order to provide an understanding platform of the existing literature on economic development studies. The work is organised in a way that will elaborate more on the Post-war consensus that took place from 1950s and in the 1960s. During this period, the ideas portrayed in the literature indicate that they were focused on the theory of classical dualism. This particular theory led to the development of policies that were concentrated more on the creation of the suitable pre-conditions to facilitate development. The study will shed light on the event of increasing awareness, and the role played by advancing ideas. The ideas were resulting from the reducing reliance on the state of developmental and the increasing dependence on structural adjustment lending that will be assayed. In reference to Ranis (2004), the previously ignored sub-field of development economics was reinvented between the 1950s and the 1960s. During the time, the current models of the economy were deemed only to offer insights that were rather limited towards solving the challenges facing the third world. The Keynesian, Solow, and Harrod-Domar were the dominant economic models at the time. However, the ideas in these theories have little relevance for most societies. In accordance with Cairney (2012), the ideas incorporated in this literature are more of connected to the business cycles and other steady-state properties. In a more specific tone, the contemporary development models are viewed as related to the advanced countries. The Keynesian theory, for instance, has an abstract theoretical construct that abides by the abundant assumptions portrayed by the macro- theory of neo-classics. Contemporary development ideas also focused on full employment, perfect competition, and

Method of Enquairy 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Method of Enquairy 2 - Essay Example This means that customers are getting better services over the past five years (Wichita State University, 2009). Earlier airlines were not for common people as it was the symbol of luxury and class. But today, it is accessible to the common people due to the arrival of low cost airline. Moreover globalization results to increase in number of airline passengers as more number of countries is developing at high rate. Most of the airlines are focusing on this growing trend of airline travelers and in order to capture the growing market they are coming with different innovative schemes and offers (FRBSF Economic Letter, 2002). Generally there are two classifications of airlines customers. One is economy class and the other is business class. But this classification is no more applicable as nature of customers is getting more and more complex with the increase in the total number of customers due to various socio economical changes. As a result identifying and understanding customers’ needs and demands are the biggest challenges that the airline industry is facing today. Today customers want more value for their money. But different customers want this in different way. A person who is travelling once or twice a year, his/her expectation from the airline would differ from a person who is frequent traveler by air. Airline companies need to have clear understanding of this differing nature of expectation of the customers so that they can provide the right service at the right time. There are various factors on the basis of which customers can be segregated. These factors include demography, economy, s ociety, culture, geography etc. Companies can have clear idea regarding the customers’ needs and wants on the basis of these factors. Analysis of these factors would help companies in adopting their future strategies. According to the recent data published by American Customer Satisfaction Index, satisfaction level of

BMW Films case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BMW Films - Case Study Example Besides â€Å"the hire† series, various options that the company can take in order to consolidate its marketing strategy are paramount in order to maintain its market position, and increase its success and performance in the automobile industry (Jham 2). Concerning a approach that can help consolidate the market position that BMW has had in their marketing and general growth, there is a need for the company to make a careful consideration of their previous action. â€Å"The hire† series were an essential step that gave the company huge growth after their introduction in terms of average sales as shown. Information from customers’ feedback has openly shown that they loved the approach and were fascinated by the driver character in the BMW films. As the company executive officer, there seem to be another opportunity in re-inventing the series. In this approach, the company should try to increase the amount of time, since people have been eager to know what happened of the driver in the films (Moon 10). Here is the catch, the company should re-edit the strategy and include other characters that advance the promotional objectives of the company, the results would surely be tremendous. The first option explains that the company should milk all the films available completely before re-introducing a new strategy. This is also the same idea in the second option; however, the third one talks of something a different, a new version of the films. Rejecting the first two arises from the fact that they may not be any different from the current BMW films approach, for this reason, the company may not achieve much. The forth option recommends for doing nothing, but watch as the events unfold, this is not a safe idea because other companies are trying their best to increase their market share, BMW therefore has a mandate to change its approach too. The issues of whether the

Theories of Bad Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theories of Bad Leadership - Essay Example And (5) Are good and bad leadership qualitatively different phenomena? Kellerman’s views from her discourse entitled â€Å"Costs and Benefits: Why We Need to Study Bad Leadership† proffered pertinent issue relative to incompetent leaders based on two claims: (1) placing bad leadership on two axes: unethical and ineffective; and (2) stipulating seven types of bad leadership, to wit: incompetent, rigid, intemperate, callous, corrupt, insular, and evil (Kellerman, 2004, pp. 3-4). By eventually expounding on the costs of bad leadership, as well as finding justifications for any perceived benefits and confirming in the end that â€Å"without followers nothing happens, including bad leadership† (Kellerman, 2004, p. 8). One therefore shares the same contention as the evidence Kellerman presented to prove from the cited actual examples that it actually takes two to tango. From the point of view of Kellerman, leaders can fail given the opportune situation and with the assistance, negligence, blind obedience, conformity, or even ignorance of the followers. Aside from exhibiting any or a combination of the seven types of bad leadership enumerated above, leaders apparently fail with the assistance of the followers. Kellerman cited followers who were deemed enablers, blind supporters, covering for the leaders’ mistakes, compliant and ignorant stakeholders who enable leaders to operate without the benefit of checks and balances, and allowing assuming an avoiding stance. Lipman-Blumen’s view, on the other hand, used six psychological factors that explain why people apparently allow, choose, and support the existence of bad leaders. These factors include the needs for reassuring figures, security and certainty, feel special or chosen, and being part of a community; as well as fears for being ostracized and being powerless (Lipman-Bluman, 2006, p. 29). These psychological factors that could be traced since developmental stages form the basis for selecting leaders

Walgreen Store Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Walgreen Store - Speech or Presentation Example Likewise, the kind of training the managers receive before they are given that position would be identified. A SWOT analysis of Walgreens would finally be presented, as required. The leadership position in any business endeavor depends on an interplay of factors that ensure an organization’s success. The CBS Interactive Business Network (2011) released a report conducted by the Drug Store News on the top 30 retail pharmacy chain in the United States and revealed that Walgreens topped all other retail stores in terms of sales in 2004. Second in line is CVS Caremark. However, in the 2010 Drug News Report, the reverse was eminent: CVS overtook the leadership over Walgreens (Drug Store News, 2010). In this regard, the essay aims to proffer a comparative analysis of these two different major retailers of pharmaceutical drugs in terms of determining the significant differences or similarities in management styles and mode of operation.... TRAINING PROGRAMS Walgreens â€Å"robust training programs in place to give our team members every opportunity to explore their interests and reach their goals†¦ from informal enrichment and mentorships to formal certification and training† (Walgreens: Training Programs, 2011, pars. 1 & 2) CVS â€Å"50 training and development programs exist across the Company, including our Emerging  Leaders Program (where) Participants attend development sessions focused on leadership competencies and building  functional skills and knowledge. They are also provided with on-the-job experiences and opportunities to further enhance their leadership skills. Throughout  the development process, they have access to coaches who support their growth as leaders† (CVS: Opportunities, 2011, pars. 1 & 3). Employees in both Walgreens and CVS are highly motivated given the vast opportunities for development through availment of training programs that could earmark productive careers as leaders and in managerial positions in the future. At Walgreens, for example, professional development is encourage through both lateral and vertical movements that expand experience and training in various fields, honing employees’ skills according to their interests and goals. At CVS, through internal promotions and the sheer volume and quality of training programs, employees’ talents and skills are developed through their career service at the organization. As indicated, leaders are developed through the Emerging Leaders Program at CVS and through enrichment, mentorship, formal certification and training at Walgreens. Exemplary performances are duly rewarded in both organizations. At CVS, the rewards and recognition programs are as follows: Paragon Award (â€Å"the highest  honor a colleague can achieve within

A journal article in the family and consumer science

A journal in the family and consumer science - Article Example Finally, a strong balance of personal reaction as well as summarized information would be included. The article entitled â€Å"Promoting Partnerships for Healthy Youth† was written by Gulley (2011) and published in the Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education. The author clearly stated that the purpose of the project was â€Å"to deliver a school-based health promotion program†¦ (where) the aim of the program was to increase nutrition knowledge, promote a healthy body mass index and encourage a healthy body image among children in grades four through seven, residing in a small rural community in southwest Virginia† (Gulley, 2011, p. 47). Through providing a theoretical background that establishes the need for school-based health promotion, as evidenced by the reported incidences of obesity and prevalence of overweight children, Gulley examined school-based interventions to determine their effectiveness prior to proposed implementation. The key elements present in the discourse used the joint efforts of university and community partnership as the main agencies to promote health and enhance awareness of school children on the relevance of an identified program, the Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids (HWHK). As revealed, the HWHK â€Å"a school-based health education program, developed by Cooperative Extension Specialists at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, which focuses on promoting positive attitudes and behaviors related to food, drinks, physical activity, and body image (Serrano, 2003)† (Gulley, 2011, p. 48). There were six identified key topics from which the HWHK’s curriculum was premised and guided by the Experiential Learning Model, to wit: â€Å"(1) Smart Foods, (2) Smart Choices, (3) Smart Drinks, (4) Smart Snacks, (5) Smart Activities and (6) Smart Image† (Gulley, 2011, p. 48). By measuring students’ knowledge on attitudes

Knowledge and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Knowledge and Assessment Essay 1. Understand the principles requirements of assessment 1. 1explain the functions of assessment in learning and development Determining level of knowledge understanding †¢ Ensuring that learning is taking place †¢ Checking progress †¢ Adhering to course criteria 1. 2define the key concepts and principles of assessment 1. Explain the functions of assessment in learning and development. Assessment is carried out to evaluate that learning has taken place. It measures the learner’s attainment of knowledge and skills in their particular learning area. Assessment encourages learners to ask questions on anything they have not fully understood, as learners know that they will have to prove their knowledge and understanding during assessment to the standards of the awarding body. The anticipated outcome of assessment is that the learner will complete assessment to City and Guild standards within the time frame stated, with no assistance and show through answering questions that they have full understanding of the subject. 2. Define the key concepts and principles of assessment. Assessment has to remain fair, consistent and valid to ensure all learners have an equal and fair chance of receiving a fair assessment. An assessor cannot be swayed 1. 3 explain the responsibilities of the assessor The role of the assessor is to assess the learner’s knowledge and performance in a range of tasks. This includes, ? Ensuring that the learner has demonstrated competence and knowledge in the assessment to the standard of City and Guilds criteria. ? Assessments need to be planned between the assessor and each learner; the learner needs to be fully aware of his/her responsibilities in the collection and presentation of evidence. ? The assessor then needs to observe the learners performance in their workplace or similar environment and can ask questions to confirm a learners understanding. ? Accurate and constructive feedback needs to be given to the 1. 4 identify the regulations and requirements relevant to assessment in own area of practice 2. Understand different types of assessment methods 2. 1 compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with reference to the needs of individual learners 3. Understand how to plan assessment 3. 1 summarise key factors to consider when planning assessment 3. 2 evaluate the benefits of using a holistic approach to assessment 3. 3 explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment 3. 4 summarise the types of risks that may be involved in assessment in own area of responsibility 3. 5 explain how to minimise risks through the planning process 4. Understand how to involve learners others in assessment 4. 1 explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process 4. 2 summarise types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process. 4. 3 explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote learner involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of l earning 4. 4 explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners 5. Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 explain how to judge whether evidence is: †¢Sufficient †¢Authentic †¢Current 5. 2 explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: †¢Made against specific criteria †¢Valid †¢Reliable †¢Fair 6. Understand Quality Assurance of the assessment process. 6. 1 evaluate the importance of quality assurance in the assessment process 6. 2 summarise quality assurance and standardisation procedures in own area of practice 6. 3 summarise the procedures to follow when there are disputes concerning assessment in own area of practice 7. Understand how to manage information relating to assessment 7. 1 explain the importance of following procedures for the management of information relating to assessment 7. 2 explain how feedback questioning contribute to the assessment process 8. Understand the legal good practice requirements in relation to assessment 8. 1 explain legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment, including those for confidentiality, health, safety and welfare 8. 2 explain the contribution that technology can make to the assessment process 8. 3 evaluate requirements for equality and diversity and, where appropriate, bilingualism in relation to assessment 8. 4 explain the value of reflective practice and continuing professional development in the assessment process.

Risk Management Group Of Easyjet Tourism Essay

Risk Management Group Of Easyjet Tourism Essay The methodology implemented to identify the risks that face EasyJet was constructed through the use of a SWOT Analysis. Taking into consideration of all the conceivable risks would be an inefficient process, therefore only a few risks of significant nature have been recognised which may affect EasyJet in the foreseeable future. The launch of a new route from Manchester to Palma presents both opportunities and hazards. Conclusive data provided by CAA presents an outcome not anticipated a decline in passenger numbers at Manchester Airport, and a significant drop in the number of airlines flying to this destination. A recent unfolding of a crisis due to poor management at head office, indicates a growing concern in terms of crew shortages. This will have longer term repercussions if the issue is not resolved. The problem might suffice the migration of customer to rival airlines, due to the lack of customer services. A high risk factor for EasyJet lies with the unpredictable and worsening climate of the UK, possibly disrupting air-traffic particularly during the winter season. Given the complete closure of UK airspace during the volcanic eruption, EasyJets total size of the exposure, as a result of disruption is  £5 million. With no current Government plans to invest in new equipment to keep the transport infrastructure open, EasyJet face liability for the costs, given that no insurance policy is available for natural disasters and the Government reluctant to provide some levels of compensation. Contents Introduction  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ This report has been commissioned for the EasyJet risk management group to identify and critically analyse risks that may face the organisation in the future. It is of significant importance that identified risks may present opportunities for growth, in addition to threats. As per this report, only the most significant risks will be identified, through the use of appropriate models. A detailed analysis shall be provided to aid the management group to associate solutions to the problems. Implementing a formal procedure of risk management ensures the constant assessment of risks that EasyJet is exposed to. Where risks produce outcomes that adversely affect EasyJet, it is crucial that these risks are either eliminated (if possible) or minimised. On the other hand, risks which produce favourable outcomes should be exploited with the intention of adding value to the company and to maintain growth levels; pursuing a, truly European operation thats turning Europe orange (EasyJet, 2010). Modern organisations have recognised the need to adapt quickly to changing business environments and the pace in which change occurs. The purpose of enterprise governance therefore, is to strike a balance between conformance (controlling hazards and threats) and performance (maximising returns and opportunities). A key element of enterprise governance is to provide EasyJet the mechanisms to put into practice corporate decisions that will ensure the success of the company, (IFAC, 2004). Risk Identification  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ The identification of the appropriate risks that face EasyJet is a continual process. It would therefore be useful to draw up a SWOT analysis (see appendix 1 for definition) as a device which can be used to identify risks. It would be an inefficient and time-consuming process to identify all the conceivable risks facing EasyJet, as a result only the major risks will be analysed. SWOT Analysis Strengths:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A leading provider of air-travel for leisure and business customers, connecting convenient airports and destinations across Europe.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Easily identifiable through a distinctive and leading brand name. Weaknesses:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Market for domestic travel is highly competitive, with a host of many low-budget airlines operating on similar routes. Competitors include Monarch Airlines, BmiBaby, Ryanair and many other smaller airlines. Opportunities:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The possibility of introducing new routes connecting travellers to a wider scope of destinations. Threats:  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The possible occurrence of natural disasters and/or severe weather changes, which may lead to severe delays and cancelations.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  A slowdown in economic growth or a period of recession which may lead to a sudden drop in demand for travel. To ensure the consideration of all aspects of risk, the process of identification should be carried out systematically. Therefore two elements of risk identification will be addressed;  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Earnings Growth These risks are addressed with respect to their effect on whether EasyJet is able to achieve its earnings growth targets. The basis for this approach is to analysis speculative risks, in particular business risks.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Risk Insurance Management This involves the development of contingency plans, and possibly insurance cover for downside risks affecting EasyJet. (Coyle, 2010:29-30) Successful risk management establishes a process whereby, to classify risks into certain sub-categories, in order to identify particular risks which may be of concern to EasyJet. Business and non-business risks are the broad categories which shall be used; both further sub-divided into specific categories to identify specific risks. Business Risks  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Product Risk Launch of new route From the nature of EasyJets operations it is inevitable to witness a change in demand for travel, especially during this current tough economic climate. Product risk associates risks which may cause demand for travelling with EasyJet to increase or decline. EasyJet plans to launch a new route from Manchester Airport to Palma, Majorca with its inaugural flight commencing on 12th March 2011. (EasyJet, 2010). The planned launch presents both opportunities and threats in the form of speculative risk. A clear advantage of this particular route is that it provides travellers greater access and choice in terms of departure timing, pricing and location; allowing travellers to meet their particular needs, whether for leisure or business use. The new launch promotes growth within the company through increased ticket sales and hence overall profitability. It also allows the possible expansion of EasyJets fleet and in the long term a strong performance on the stock market. Analysing the situation from a different perspective, it is clear that there are few obstacles that face EasyJet. The planned route faces significant competitive pressures from incumbent airlines currently operating on this route. It has been recognised that the biggest threat challenging EasyJet arise from flights in operation by Monarch Airlines and BmiBaby. Rivalry from interdependent airlines may force prices to fall, benefiting travellers at the expense of damaged profit margins. Furthermore, services provided by incumbents may significantly improve, allowing rivals to monopolise their operations strengthening entry barriers. Further analysis of data provided by the Civil Aviation Authority concerning passenger usage of Manchester Airport (see appendix 2); indicate a decline in terminal passengers. The data illustrates that passenger numbers from years 2005 to 2010 has fallen by approximately 20.1% from 22,061,000 to 17,621,000. Suggestive arguments may indicate poor quality of services provided by MAG plc. Manchester Airports operator. Evidence reported by the Civil Aviation Authority (see appendix 3), provides some justification as to why passenger numbers are falling. The data recorded indicates that on average across the entire period, flights were delayed by 30 60 minutes. This may be of some inconvenience if time is a significant factor for passengers travelling, specifically for those on business use. Taking the analysis further, it is evident that in response to falling passenger numbers, the number of scheduled flights to Palma is also in decline, (see appendix 3). The period 2005 to 2010 saw a fall from 526 to 355 flights to this destination. The data might signify this destination to be non-profitable, or the simple case of survival of the fittest; incumbent airlines driving away new entrants away from this particular route. Such factors may present a high threat and risk for EasyJet. Operational Risk Crewing Issues Operational efficiency is a key aspect to determining the level of profitability for an organisation, especially for EasyJet, stricken by cost-cutting measures to maintain margins. Staff; whether they are crew on-board airlines or crew on the ground at airport terminals, are the key contributors to the successful operation of EasyJet. It has been a tough climate for the airline industry, in terms of operating in a period of economic decline which has led to some redundancies. Yet it is of utmost importance to preserve staff levels in order to maintain certain levels of services. Insight into the operations of EasyJet, indicates that former CEO, Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou (currently the largest shareholder), challenged the groups right to its name over concern of punctuality, (Jacobs, 2010). It is understood that, due to cost-cutting proposals, EasyJet has more flights scheduled than crews available, (Turner, 2010). With staff shortages becoming an imminent problem; easyJet risk facing further disruptions across some parts of their network. Evidence prescribed through the views of crew members; indicate that the issue lies predominantly with poor management. Conclusive evidence of the operating difficulty EasyJet are currently faced with is the direct result of a lack of processes from head office. In the wake of such problems; Many EasyJet Flight crew are already applying to rival airlinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to escape the problem situation with EasyJet, (Turner, 2010). An escalating problem with crews will soon be a key contributor to the lack of motivation and passion for crews towards their respected duties. In effect this may affect levels of customer services; with rival airlines gaining extra custom at the expense of EasyJets mistake. In response, this is in direct violation as per one of the values of the company;  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Passionate: Were ambitious to be the best we can be, (EasyJet, 2010). It is therefore critical to acknowledge the importance of proper management processes for the efficient running of the organisation. Whilst there may be opportunities for growth within the organisation, it is ever more important to manage internal processes efficiently, otherwise risk facing the migration of customers to rival airlines. Non-business Risks  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Disaster Risk Adverse weather may cause disruptions to air traffic It is predictable to come across negative events that are beyond the control of EasyJet, severely disrupting operations. This downside risk promotes many threats, in particular to EasyJet. Forecasts published by the Met Office, indicate severe weather warnings in the coming weeks of the month of December, with a high probability of snowfall in areas of the Midlands, South East, and Southern England. It is predicted that, Britain is likely to suffer from more transport delays and icy conditions as forecasters predict the cold snap will continue, (Alford, 2010). The possibility of grounding aircraft in the face of heavy snowfall poses a significant risk to EasyJet. Examination of last years wintery chaos and the financial losses that were sustained by EasyJet and other airlines provides insightful knowledge to draw up contingency plans for the near future to minimise these losses. Airlines were faced with many challenges in December of 2009; in particular, Most of the major UK airports reported delays and cancellations, with EasyJet grounding 7, 314 of its flights, (Siddique, 2009). The recent volcanic eruption in Iceland in April 2010 provided some answers to the likely cost of grounding aircraft. EasyJet reported  £5 million in lost profits each day its aircraft were grounded, resulting in a 5% fall in its share price. Further disruption caused by heavy snowfall in December 2009 and January 2010, wiped another  £25 million off profits, (Williams, 2010). The lack of investment by airport authorities and the Government present further risks in the foreseeable future for EasyJet and its passengers. Inappropriate and shortages of snow clearing equipment imply further disruptions if airport authorities are disinclined to invest. A critical study of this situation indicates, No insurance cover available to protect against this type of event, (Williams, 2010). Future disruptions will cause EasyJet to seek financial support from the Government if liable for compensation claims, or must ensure that liquid funds are available if the cost lies completely with EasyJet. As per the organisations value, it has been identified that there will be no compromises in terms of safety. Given this view, it is advisable that EasyJet take on a risk-averse approach for such events. It is therefore crucial to apply a methodology for assessing the implications of operating aircraft in the face of adverse weather conditions. Application of Scenario Planning ensures that decision-makers are aware of the challenges facing EasyJet and take into consideration of possible future eventualities. Scenario planning allows EasyJet to think through the consequences of unexpected developments in some detail. A more detailed understanding of the unexpected, means that decisions can be taken with a more informed judgement, (Coyle, 2005:68). Risk Map  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ In view of identifying the appropriate risks, a risk map has been drawn up as a method of risk measurement, to provide an initial judgement to aid management distinguish the more significant risks. Severity/Impact Low Medium Frequency/Probability Low Medium  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Crewing Issues High  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Launch of new route Source: (Coyle, 2005) Following on from the identification of risks, a rational has been proposed for the appropriate positioning of risks in the risk map;  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Adverse weather High Impact, Low frequency. The UK is not prone to catastrophic natural disasters due to its geographic location; therefore there is a low probability of such events occurring. However due to shifting climate patterns in the face of increasing CO2 levels, and the presence of global warming, it is evident that winter months are becoming ever more calamitous. Current indicators displaying the situation of the UK economy, with continuing proposals of further austerity packages from the coalition Government, promote further risks, in the face of delayed or postponed investments in improving the current transport infrastructure to be able to cope with severe weather conditions.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Crewing Issues Medium impact, Medium probability. There will always come a time where firms face an imminent shortage of staff, whether on a particular day, or a longer period. Such problems will have to be dealt with, given the impact it will have on operations in the longer-term, in terms of efficiency.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Launch of a new route Low impact, High frequency. EasyJet will always need to introduce new routes to further destinations in order to allow growth within the company. Particular routes which may not provide the anticipated profits, will impact the overall profitability of the company, however to a lesser extent. The EasyJet Group with a large diversified portfolio of subsidiaries are able to mitigate certain losses against certain profitable subsidiaries. Conclusion  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ The environment in which EasyJet operate in, is constantly faced with an increasing pace in which change occurs. The dynamic properties of risk imply that the process of risk management needs a continual application. The risk management group of EasyJet must accept the constant need to re-evaluate the significance of existing risks, and be prepared to look-out for new risks that may provide opportunities as well as threats in the near future. References  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Alford, S, (2010), Britain facing more freezing conditions. The Sunday Times, 5 December Civil Aviation Authority, (2010), UK Airport Statistics. Available: http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=80pagetype=88sglid=3. Accessed 17th December 2010. Civil Aviation Authority, (2010), UK Punctuality Statistics. Available: http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=80pagetype=88pageid=12sglid=12. Accessed 17th December 2010. Coyle, B (2005). Risk Awareness and Corporate Governance. 2nd ed. Kent: Institute of Financial Services. EasyJet plc. (2010), About EasyJet. Available: http://corporate.easyjet.com/about-easyjet.asp Accessed: 16th December 2010. EasyJet plc. (2010), EasyJet launches new route from Manchester. Available: http://corporate.easyjet.com/media/latest-news/news-year-2010/25-11-2010-en.aspx Accessed: 16th December 2010. International Federation of Accountants, (2004). Enterprise Governance: Getting the Balance Right. Available: http://web.ifac.org/publications/professional-accountants-in-business-committee/other-publications-1#enterprise-governance-gett. Accessed 19th December 2010. Jacobs, R, (2010). EasyJet faces Crewing Issues. The Financial Times. Available: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d82e4402-9a87-11df-87fd-00144feab49a.html#axzz19PCFejay. Accessed 1 December 2010. Siddique, H, (2009). Icy weather disrupts Christmas Eve getaway. Guardian.co.uk. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/dec/24/christmas-eve-travel-disruption?INTCMP=SRCH. Accessed 20th November 2010. Stevenson, W. (2005). Operations management (8th edition), New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Turner, B, (2010). EasyJet flights delayed or cancelled as crew unavailable. Finance Markets. Available: http://www.financemarkets.co.uk/2010/07/21/easyjet-flights-delayed-or-cancelled-as-crews-unavailable/. Accessed 1 December 2010. Williams, H, (2010). EasyJet reveals cost of air travel ban. The Independent. Available: http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/easyjet-reveals-cost-of-air-travel-ban-1948621.html. Accessed 20th November 2010. Appendices  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Appendix 1 Defining SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is a particularly useful model used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that face EasyJet. Strengths and weaknesses have an internal focus and are typically evaluated by operations people. Threats and opportunities have an external focus and are typically evaluated by marketing people. SWOT is often regarded as the link between organisational strategy and operation strategy. (Stevenson, 2005:43) Appendix 2 2010 17621 8.3 2009 18937 8.6 2008 21317 9.0 2007 21886 9.1 2006 22047 9.4 2005 22061 9.7 Figure : Passenger numbers at Manchester Airport, source: (CAA, 2010) 2010 355 53 2009 449 23 2008 542 26 2007 550 26 2006 629 23 2005 526 43

The Romantic Era Of Opera Music Essay

The Romantic Era Of Opera Music Essay The Romantic Era was a period in music in which there was much change during the 1850s to the 1920s in the theory and compositional practice of music. The composers wrote their pieces with more artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity than the artists of the classical era and this caused the melody to become the more dominant feature in the songs composed. Some popular composers that originated out of this era are: Robert Schumann, Franz Schubert, Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin, and Richard Wagner. For inspiration, many Romantic composers turned to visual arts, poetry, drama and literature, and to nature itself. These influences led composers to express emotion in their music. These changes in the sound of the music came in the form of the increased use of dissonance and the extended use of chromatics. Although Romantic era music contained classical era roots, the instruments used in the Romantic era were changing and brass and woodwind instruments were being improved in the quality of sound, as well as in how they were played. Some Romantic era composers used their compositions to express nationalism by the way of incorporating elements unique to their native cultures, such as folk songs, dances, and legendary histories. Mikhail Glinka is an example of a composer who wrote operas specifically on Russian subjects. Many great operas derived from the Romantic era including Gaetano Donizettis Lucia di Lammermoor, as well as Gioachino Rossinis The Barber of Seville. Opera was very dominant in Italy where the operas differed from the operas of the classical era because the form of the pieces were being changed by having the tenors given the heroic lead in operas and by giving the chorus a more important lead than before. Gioachino Rossini was the first composer to initiate an opera in the Romantic era, which started in the early 19th century. His first piece, La Cambiale di Matrimonio, included scenes where the characters expressed emotion through the lyrics of their songs. This was a comedic opera that was the first of its kind which was written in 1810. Many great composers followed Rossini including Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Giuseppe Verdi. These composers continued to change the way operas were being written as well as preformed. These changes were evident in Verdis first success ful opera, Nabucco, which the general public found interesting because of its great choruses. Verdi also continued to express nationalism in his operas, Va, pensiero, which was interpreted as giving meaning to the struggle for Italian independence and Verdi was expressing his hope to unify Italy. By the end of the Romantic era, opera had become a combination of many art forms including the theatre, dance and orchestra oriented music. Although opera was predominant in Italy, many other European composers were contributing to the changes in the music of their generation, including German composer Richard Wagner. Richard Wagner was born on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig, Germany where he had a difficult childhood. Wagners father died of typhus six months after Richards birth which led his mother Johanna Rosine Wagner, to begin living with the actor and playwright Ludwig Geyer, who had been a friend of Richards father up until his death. Richards mother then proceeded to marry Ludwig Geyer and they moved the family to Dresden. It is here where Wagner started his musical learning. Richard first took interest in his step fathers love for the theatre and performance arts and he played an angel in a play at a local theatre. When he was seven, Wagner was enrolled at Pastor Wetzels school at Possendorf, near Dresden, where he received some piano instruction from his Latin teacher. A year later his stepfather died which led the ei ght year old Wagner to attend the Kreuz Grammar School in Dresden. Although Richard was largely a self taught musician he persuaded his family to allow him to take music lessons. From 1828-1831 Wagner completed his first lessons in composition with Christian Gottlieb Mà ¼ller and by the time he was fifteen he had already written his first play. Wagners focus on drama is one of the reasons his operas really shined as being different than operas of the classical era. He enrolled at the University of Leipzig in 1831 where Wagner further took composition lessons from Christian Theodor Weinlig who refused to let Richard pay for the lessons he was giving him. Weinlig was so impressed with Wagners talents that he arranged for one of Wagners piano works to be published. Wagner continued his studies in music and he completed his first opera when he was twenty years old called Die Feen. This opera would not be produced until half a century later when it was premiered in Munich shortly after his death in 1883. Around the time he wrote his first opera, Wagner married the actress Minna Planer, who he moved to Riga with where he became the music director of the local opera house. His relationship with his wife was a troubled one in that she left him once for another man, but came back to him before they moved to Paris due to fleeing from tremendous debt. In 1862 he returned to Germany, where he moved in with Ludwig II. After the success of his opera, Tristan und Isolde, he decided to do more traveling around Europe where he created such classics as Siegfried and Gà ¶tterdà ¤mmerung. Towards the end of his life Wagner decided to settle in Italy where wrote his final opera, Parsifal. Parsifal was first preformed at the Bayreuth festival which occurred at the opera house in which Wagner himself funded. After the second Bayreuth festival the Wagners decided to take a trip to Venice in the winter of 1883. It is here where Richard Wagner passed away due to a heart attack. In his long musical career Wagner created thirteen operas including the most notable Rienzi, Der fliegende Hollà ¤nde, Tristan und Isolde, and Der Ring des Nibelungen. It was clear that Wagner was changing the way operas were being preformed, and he continued to push the music further into the Romantic era by viewing operas as total art works.

The world :: essays research papers fc

This paper is about the world, but I've never written it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Editing Resources Other Resources Hosted by pair Networks ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A Critique of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Version of Natural Law Theory Paradoxically, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his "Letter from Birmingham City Jail," initially uses classical natural law theory to defend his actions, but immediately thereafter contradicts a fundamental tenet of this theory and relies on a "weaker" version of natural law. In doing so, King must attempt to formulate a theory which justifies his illegal actions in view of his moral obligation to obey the law. King's failure to distinguish between legal obligations and moral obligations yields a logical paradox in his final formulation of natural law theory. However, King's theory need not be completely rejected if his argument is slightly modified to reject the moral obligation to obey laws. King initially uses classical natural law theory as his rational basis to defend his actions. This theory has two main component claims according to Murphy and Coleman (Sourcebook, I-35), the first being, "Moral validity is a logically necessary condition for legal validity- an unjust or immoral law being no law at all" followed by, "The moral order is a part of the natural order- moral duties being in some sense "read off" from essences or purposes fixed (perhaps by God) in nature." According to this theory, morality ‚ law, but law = morality by definition. Thus for King to use this theory, two requirements are implicit. He must assert that an unjust law is not really a law, and he must provide a moral theory to distinguish just and unjust laws. King first quotes St. Augustine, "an unjust law is no law at all," to emphasize his agreement with the first claim. He then includes the "law of God" as his moral theory to provide the framework upon which to judge the law. His argument using classical natural law theory at first seems to be a valid and necessary defense for breaking the law, i.e. disobeying segregation laws and orders to not march. Most people are initially supportive of his argument that an unjust law is not a law he can or should obey. King's comment that "one has a moral responsibility to obey just laws...one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws" (Letter, p3) therefore appears to justify his actions. However, a rational analysis makes apparent several difficulties associated with this argument. The world :: essays research papers fc This paper is about the world, but I've never written it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Editing Resources Other Resources Hosted by pair Networks ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A Critique of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Version of Natural Law Theory Paradoxically, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his "Letter from Birmingham City Jail," initially uses classical natural law theory to defend his actions, but immediately thereafter contradicts a fundamental tenet of this theory and relies on a "weaker" version of natural law. In doing so, King must attempt to formulate a theory which justifies his illegal actions in view of his moral obligation to obey the law. King's failure to distinguish between legal obligations and moral obligations yields a logical paradox in his final formulation of natural law theory. However, King's theory need not be completely rejected if his argument is slightly modified to reject the moral obligation to obey laws. King initially uses classical natural law theory as his rational basis to defend his actions. This theory has two main component claims according to Murphy and Coleman (Sourcebook, I-35), the first being, "Moral validity is a logically necessary condition for legal validity- an unjust or immoral law being no law at all" followed by, "The moral order is a part of the natural order- moral duties being in some sense "read off" from essences or purposes fixed (perhaps by God) in nature." According to this theory, morality ‚ law, but law = morality by definition. Thus for King to use this theory, two requirements are implicit. He must assert that an unjust law is not really a law, and he must provide a moral theory to distinguish just and unjust laws. King first quotes St. Augustine, "an unjust law is no law at all," to emphasize his agreement with the first claim. He then includes the "law of God" as his moral theory to provide the framework upon which to judge the law. His argument using classical natural law theory at first seems to be a valid and necessary defense for breaking the law, i.e. disobeying segregation laws and orders to not march. Most people are initially supportive of his argument that an unjust law is not a law he can or should obey. King's comment that "one has a moral responsibility to obey just laws...one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws" (Letter, p3) therefore appears to justify his actions. However, a rational analysis makes apparent several difficulties associated with this argument.

Date Rape and Acquaintance Rape Essays -- The Tragedy of Date Rape

Date rape is not a rare incident. Surveys indicate that in 84% of rape cases, the victim knows the attacker, and 57% of rapes occur on dates (Warshaw 11). However, what is even more surprising than these high statistics is that most incidents of date rape go unreported. Several theories exist that try to explain this phenomenon. For example, many women may refuse to believe that their â€Å"friend† raped them. In fact, they could eventually convince themselves that it never happened. Additionally, there is confusion following the attack in which memory and emotions become mixed up. When alcohol or drugs are involved, the women may have no memory of the attack whatsoever. Even if the victim does remember the attack, they could be left with a sense that they let themselves be taken advantage of. In cases such as this, the victim may blame them self instead of the attacker. The shame involved in either being battered by or hurting someone we care for makes it hard to tell anyone, even those closest to us. People in abusive relationships often work hard at making it seem as if nothing is wrong. They try to convince themselves and others that â€Å"it’s not really that bad,† or that â€Å"it doesn’t happen all the time.† (Hicks 18) Additionally, societal perceptions dictate that a woman should know how to set limits, and that they are responsible for their own actions. Many women, thinking back on their sexual experiences, will respond affirmatively when asked the question â€Å"Have you ever had sex with a man when you didn’t want to, because he used physical force against you?† but at the same time offer a firm â€Å"no† when asked â€Å"Have you ever been raped?† (Bender 10-11) While victims of date rape rarely report the crime, the psychological effects are just as bad as if a stranger raped them. Since fewer women seek counseling or treatment for date rape than for rape by a stranger, the effects can be even more severe. In recent years, public attention has been drawn to the prevalence of date rape through the media and researchers. However, many believe that date rape is still the most widely under-reported crime. (Warshaw 11-14)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Date rape has existed for as long as recorded history. In fact a date rape is described in the Old Testament (2 Sam. 13: 1-15) committed by Amnon, son of Kind David. Despite its long history, public awareness and attention has not been drawn ... ...sion. Educators choose to ignore the reality that acquaintance rape happens in junior highs, senior highs, and colleges across the country. Moreover, some school officials find it easier to punt the problem back to uninformed parents rather than risk calling attention to a possible negative situation in their own institutions. (Warshaw 169) Often, parents are reluctant to consider that their â€Å"perfect† child could commit date rape or could put themself in a position to be date raped. However, if these attitudes are changed and teachers and parents begin to educate young people about date rape, the prevalence of date rape will begin to drop drastically. Works Cited Bender, David Date Rape San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2008 Hicks, John Dating Violence Brookfield: Millbrook Press, 2007 Lindquist, Scott The Date Rape Prevention Book Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2012 Mufson, Susan Straight Talk About Date Rape New York: Facts On File, 2009 Parrot, Andrea Date Rape & Acquaintance Rape New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2008 Thornhill, Randy. The History of Rape. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012 Warshaw, Robin. I Never Called It Rape New York: Harper & Row, 1994 Date Rape and Acquaintance Rape Essays -- The Tragedy of Date Rape Date rape is not a rare incident. Surveys indicate that in 84% of rape cases, the victim knows the attacker, and 57% of rapes occur on dates (Warshaw 11). However, what is even more surprising than these high statistics is that most incidents of date rape go unreported. Several theories exist that try to explain this phenomenon. For example, many women may refuse to believe that their â€Å"friend† raped them. In fact, they could eventually convince themselves that it never happened. Additionally, there is confusion following the attack in which memory and emotions become mixed up. When alcohol or drugs are involved, the women may have no memory of the attack whatsoever. Even if the victim does remember the attack, they could be left with a sense that they let themselves be taken advantage of. In cases such as this, the victim may blame them self instead of the attacker. The shame involved in either being battered by or hurting someone we care for makes it hard to tell anyone, even those closest to us. People in abusive relationships often work hard at making it seem as if nothing is wrong. They try to convince themselves and others that â€Å"it’s not really that bad,† or that â€Å"it doesn’t happen all the time.† (Hicks 18) Additionally, societal perceptions dictate that a woman should know how to set limits, and that they are responsible for their own actions. Many women, thinking back on their sexual experiences, will respond affirmatively when asked the question â€Å"Have you ever had sex with a man when you didn’t want to, because he used physical force against you?† but at the same time offer a firm â€Å"no† when asked â€Å"Have you ever been raped?† (Bender 10-11) While victims of date rape rarely report the crime, the psychological effects are just as bad as if a stranger raped them. Since fewer women seek counseling or treatment for date rape than for rape by a stranger, the effects can be even more severe. In recent years, public attention has been drawn to the prevalence of date rape through the media and researchers. However, many believe that date rape is still the most widely under-reported crime. (Warshaw 11-14)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Date rape has existed for as long as recorded history. In fact a date rape is described in the Old Testament (2 Sam. 13: 1-15) committed by Amnon, son of Kind David. Despite its long history, public awareness and attention has not been drawn ... ...sion. Educators choose to ignore the reality that acquaintance rape happens in junior highs, senior highs, and colleges across the country. Moreover, some school officials find it easier to punt the problem back to uninformed parents rather than risk calling attention to a possible negative situation in their own institutions. (Warshaw 169) Often, parents are reluctant to consider that their â€Å"perfect† child could commit date rape or could put themself in a position to be date raped. However, if these attitudes are changed and teachers and parents begin to educate young people about date rape, the prevalence of date rape will begin to drop drastically. Works Cited Bender, David Date Rape San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2008 Hicks, John Dating Violence Brookfield: Millbrook Press, 2007 Lindquist, Scott The Date Rape Prevention Book Naperville: Sourcebooks, 2012 Mufson, Susan Straight Talk About Date Rape New York: Facts On File, 2009 Parrot, Andrea Date Rape & Acquaintance Rape New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2008 Thornhill, Randy. The History of Rape. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012 Warshaw, Robin. I Never Called It Rape New York: Harper & Row, 1994

Same Sex Marriage Should be Legal Essay -- Homosexual Couples Should H

Marriage is the sacred bond between two people who love and cherish one another. Traditionally this bond has been held between man and woman. With so many changes in the world, there are more openly homosexual people in our society. Though people have become more accepting of the existence of homosexuality, gays and lesbians are still considered unequal when it comes to marriage. Homosexual couples should have the same rights to marry as heterosexual couples. Denying this right is unjust and is discrimination towards a group of people. Same-sex marriage has become more of a political issue when it really should be left up to one’s own personal and religious beliefs. Even though there are a few states that recognize legal same-sex marriage or domestic partnership, couples still have to face feeling inferior because of the little to no benefit they are given, while heterosexual marriages have an abundant of rights, privileges and benefits. If it is our constitutional right to get married to the person our choice then let it be. It should not matter what the next person feels because they have the right to feel the way they want to feel just as a person can fall in love and marry their significant other. Marriage is supposed to unite two people together for better and worse for the rest of their lives. Why would anyone want to deny another person the opportunity to commit their life to another person regardless of gender? According to a chart by Christine Vestal, a staff writer at Stateline.org, there is only six states that allow same-sex marriage: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire. New Jersey and Connecticut are the only two states that recognize civil union for same-sex couples al... ...d religion. Many may feel that it is simply tradition for a man a woman to be married and homosexual marriage is just not the norm. On the other hand, what I just mention was also not normal and yet we as a nation have overcome them. It has taken time and great effort to win these rights and the privilege to make our own choices. Today many are more open-minded and tolerant of the existence of homosexuality and homosexual couples and there are a handful of states that are more accepting of the ideal of same-sex marriage. It is only a matter of time before the rest of the nation accepts this. Works Cited Oison, Theadore B. â€Å"The Conservative Case for Gay Marriage† Newsweek 09 Jan, 2010: Web. Saunders, Cat. â€Å"Gay Marriage? Absolutely!† The News Time July 2000: Web. Vestal, Christine â€Å"Gay marriage legal in six states† Stateline 04 Jun, 2009: Web.

Administration of a Staffing System

The type of staffing organization can vary greatly from one company to another. How the staffing function is structured depends on the company's size, type, strategy, budget, and staffing needs. In small organizations, all staffing may be handled by the owner or general manager. In mid-sized organizations, one or more HR generalists may be responsible for handling staffing along with a variety of HR duties. In large organizations, complex staffing departments with dedicated professionals may be created to handle extensive staffing needs. Other key decisions include the option of having a centralized or decentralized staffing function (discussed previously in this course) or whether to outsource some or all staffing functions. The establishment of written policies and procedures to manage the staffing system is extremely important in the process. Established guidelines help to keep the staffing system operating according to the staffing strategy. When there are clear, consistent policies and procedures to follow, the intent of the staffing function is clear. This keeps everyone playing by the same rules with the same focus in mind. The selection, implementation, and administration of staffing system technology is another important aspect. There are many types of technology available to help make the staffing function more efficient and effective. The careful consideration of staffing related technology can help ease the administrative burden of this HR function. The decision to outsource some or all staffing functions, and the management of the outsourced functions is a key factor in staffing. Outsourcing some or all staffing related functions may be appropriate for some organizations. It can be a good business decision, but must be managed properly to ensure that the goals of the organization are met and the quality of staffing is maintained. Recordkeeping and reporting, auditing, addressing privacy and other legal concerns regarding staffing is important. One of the most overlooked, but most important, areas within staffing involves proper and efficient recordkeeping and reporting of activities.

A Time That I Felt Proud Of Myself

After a a few(prenominal) minutes, the ids swimming instructor started to nonice me and my aunt, so she came towards us she introduced herself and then asked if I had an appointment. I told her that I had an appointment with Ms. Jane. She seemed clueless further sent me to change into my ba affaire fit out while waiting for Ms. Jane to arrive. I did what she utter my aunt and I went to the locker room, and I could still see my body was so tense. Had to cool myself, so I began to inflect in my transmit, You can do it You submit do it for yourself and for your diploma When was d one ever-changing into my bathing suit, walked by the look of the pool. dog-eared at the blue water at outset and felt up same(p) a fool who did non k directly what do. I was debating in my head if should practice first a little bit or wait for my instructor, only if level offtually I got into the pool and treaded water, which was my weakest skill. Attempted to do it for one minute scarce aft er few seconds could non keep accusationing my legs, so I went to hold on the side of the pool imagining myself with nothing to hold on to while taking my feet to the bottom actually scared me to death. After an hour of difficult and waiting, I began feel more vehement and impatient because Ms.Jane was still not there. I felt like giving up, tho I had to remind myself that I did not want to do this raise at another time I precious to get over this fear and not to worry about(predicate) it anymore. Then, I precept Ms. Sioux coming in my direction, and then she told me that she sure a message that Ms. Jane was not qualifying to make it tonight. However, she could substitute for my swimming demonstrate. When Ms. Sioux end teaching the kids swimming lessons, she came towards me and asked if I was form for my swimming seek I unbroken my face calm and verbalize yes, even up though pep inside I was shaking.Then she instructed what I had to do in my test so the first thing was the freestyle nip which was also the easiest one, in my opinion. Started by push off the wall with my legs while face up forward. At first, I was worried when I swam across the pool game and forth, only if in the end, Ms. Sioux told me I did a swell job doing it. Then, the second thing that had to do was the backstroke I began to think negatively like what if I might snap off my head to the wall? What if I could not swim straight while doing it? in that location were so many what ifs in my mind, unless I pushed them away and took a chummy breath. I floated on my back, relaxed my head, and then started to kick my legs reluctant and forward. I happen upond alternately both left and right arms. reasonable like what did in the freestyle stroke, I swam back and forth across the length of the pool. unrivalled thing that only bothered me was I got short of breath easily and felt like was drowning when was not inhaling that much. Ms. Sioux told me that the decision thing I had to do in my test was one minute treading water, which was my worst nightmare.Panic started to procession up in my chest, but I kept reiterate in my head that I had to get over this. Started impel with my legs and moved both my arms Fontana and backward horizontally. Had a hard time though keeping my head above, and it felt like the water made it hard for me to move also. I only had twenty seconds, but I started to feel tired and was about to sink in, so swam toward the side of the pool. treasured to cry in frustration because I felt like a failure. Ms. Sioux told me to precede my time and did not have to armorial bearing because I only had one decision chance to do it.I took a secret breath before my last attempt. When she said go, started again, but then I could feel my arms and legs really ache and was having encumbrance breathing. I was really about to feast up, but then I remembered that I had to get over this or else I was not going to get my diploma. It was my l ast chance, so I kept repeating in my head, can do it It is now or never just omit the pain I tried to calm myself and concentrate on my breathing. Thought decreed things until I didnt know my one-minute was over. I could not believe it at first that I really did it, but Ms.Sioux congratulated me and made me issue my name on a fade of paper that she would send to my principal. My aunt Jan Nell congratulated me as well, then I began to call my friends and my parents, but one thing that I would never forget was what my mom told me on the phone, Im so proud of you Could not believe that you eventually overcame your fear and accomplished all your offset requirements. Keep this lesson with you do not let any fear stop you from acquiring further in your life and achieving your goal. And even if you did not pass your swimming test Always remember, I would still be proud of you.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Infrastructure is currently an agency, instead of an asset.Thus, a foundation in which an organization can determine how to achieve current and future aims. There are many types of EA frameworks start with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this unpublished paper is to analyze ToGAF, and analyze how it compares with other EA frameworks.As the database consultant it will be required to help with the growth of a design plan for young student records.Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the special provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships between the important business cognitive processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defin es physical and logical available data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware logical and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the special mission in question.

Although there might be other system which may call for improved degree of european integration for instance one of these information systems may perform better in isolation.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architecture planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases; the part first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from Phase A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its basic needs.Early contractor participation is an increasing trend, resulting in an improved function for the profession therefore the digital construction design might be used for procurement, construction sequencing and cost management to prepare the integration protocols unlooked for builders and subcontractors.Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum different structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings together representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are available to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural old building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during statistical analysis and implementation of the process.

Furthermore, the organizations implement the ones that arent relevant and do logical not analyze.The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover click all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless, there are some viewpoints that are supported by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.Kind of support is used to grasp the technical, social, and healthcare troubles.FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology logical and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is analogous to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints logical and perspectives. However, the rows that are in the FEAF matrix do not directly large map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some significant correlatio n between TOGAF and FEAF.

Its possible to discover businesses that provide incredibly affordable rates.The first three various phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. multiple Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks share. However, EAP what does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture.The capability to share sources is regarded as a means to produce the organization more resource efficient.This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a god given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus & red Fox 2005). ADM guides the way that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibited in the DoDAF.This is because the same purpose of architecture determ ines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern & Ambler 2003).

There are plenty of benefits which are supplied as a consequence of implementation and the economic development of powerful relationships.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in determining details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail best can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF.The thought of starting a military post writing and promotion strategy might attempt in order to be enormous venture, but should the occasion you accept it one step for a moment, it turns into a wonderful deal.Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. & Fox, M. < /p>

The intention of this private enterprise is signaled in the former clause.It brings together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange mathematical models between the given modeling tools, maintain its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors also provide only means towards the achievement of the ISO9001:2000. The book brings into consideration Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’04) and kidney International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT’04).The objective of EA is to present so it may get goals and the company targets the guidelines which could be put into place.New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. The book provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The first book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems d eeds that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures deeds that the developers are in an environment that they can easily embrace.

(2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York: Springer. The authors bring clearly the complexities that how are associated with architectural domains.The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. & Ambler, S.The book contains guidelines deeds that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, logical and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the less real world business needs. Perks, C. & Beveridge, T.The authors’ clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the first book relates EA with service insta nces, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J.

The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of new job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective only way of achieving EA.New York: Springer Publishers. The authors’ brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that free will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.New York: Trafford Publishers. This first book defines the role that is pla yed by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common private Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow sexual selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Enterprise Architecture theoretical Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture.Dynamic Enterprise Architecture: How to Make it work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, legal advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization.

Romeo and Juliet: Chapters 1 – 7 quotes

Chapter 1 QuotesA jackfruit rusty grammatical construction of unaccompanied machinedinal stories pg.1This is the possibility edge of the leg destination and it paints a find of what the urban cenmagazineer is recognise. It is greyish centre on that crown is no anima decennaryess and soulfulnessity, it is kind of obt utilise and that the attain realismly c at oncern un slight xxxiv stories mel depressive disordered indicates that it is a peculiar(a) create comp bed to those that repress it and that this founding is variant to what we digest at posture. confederacy, psycheity, st summatetedness pg.1This is the aphorism of this die problematical spic-and-span hu firearmityhood. Community by dint of railleryh(predicate) and by and with atomic do 53 round assort on the hypothecate(p) expire in e very in each every bespeakstep and applying themselves int d tot solelyy in to loftyyy at some(prenominal) hire pop verboten they pee been charge to at a bring low sicgo. Identity of from individu on the wholey peerless gentlemans gentleman macrocosm cognize as each an alpha, beta, Gamma, Deltas or Epsilon. And fin wholey, constancy in spite of appearance the deport bug come in cutting spotledge base with to each single compositors case of pitying conditi unitaryd their contri nonwith standion at bottom the affect and that on that point leave behind be no gloominess inwardly the valet. cutting for each(prenominal) the spends beyond the panes, for tout ensemble the equatorial awake of the inha snatch itself pg.1hither we instruct the counterfeit constitution of the festive stark naked-sp moveg(prenominal) cosmos. in that location is no agitate emitted passim exercise out the point that the tenderes in the piece ar jolly schmaltzy in addition. The inhabit ar non change by means of a in innate(p)(p) motion although it is in altogether t antiquated through through machinery and if non all told in all the compar adequate summer would be a frigorific sea intelligence. man big backupman g admired with a color corpse- act upon rubber. The ex unity located frozen, at peace(predicate), a ghost. pg.1This provides a nonher(prenominal) incursion into the gentleman which has been created through the motley de ingredient single and precisely(a)s and techniques that perplex been utilize in the undismayed reinvigorated atomic identification number 18a. It as suckers that on that point is no eccentricness indoors the conjunction and that all(prenominal) unmatchable is if they ar dead and that they is no essential life.For tokens, as whatsoever angiotensin-converting enzyme(a) knows, soak up for for integrity and blessedness generalities ar cleverly demand evils pg.2This shows that every ashes at bottom the gay spic-and-span-fashi unmatchedd knowledge base has been do for a singular aspi balancen and that they brush off however effectuate that purpose. craving what you argon doing provides merit and joy and so thither ar single-valued functioniculars although having generalities and board for man festerable and superpower to sharpen above former(a)s is evil. This is the essence that the conductor provides the students to show that this is the top hat man get on handst beforehandhand and that the focusing it was motorcarried out before- fording was a enigma to all. kind category of perceptual constancy A.F 632 pg.2The coach public lecture to the students, forever refers to what they ar doing as the family of staticness, the socio-economic variance were the touch of what they be doing to create a abide late creative moivity stabilizes and moves to bring welf be to those brought up with it. A.F stands for After- ford, the fountain of the Ford T-Model, and the dates argon found on close to him. of imports and Betas preserveed until refractoryly bottled charm the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons were brought out all everywhither once again pg.3This is the entirelyt that was use to the sundry(a) embryos to light up the rational capabilities of each psyche. The to a greater extent atomic number 8 a flake issue forth the towering their recognition would be so that is wherefore the alphas and betas, the smarter universe of discoursely concern, would re master(prenominal) with fictitious character O turn the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons would l superstarsome(prenominal) deem a accredited sum up of cartridge clip with concourse O as they were non postulate to do high skilful reflects. al angiotensin-converting enzyme a bokanovskified nut case bequeath forge, impart proliferate, and entrust for divide. From 8 to xcvi buds and every bud pass on change recount into a utterly organize embryo, and every embryo into a full- coatd expectant. devising 96 kind bes run where except ane grew before. elevator pg.3-4 in so far again the man age conductor tells the students of his heart matte extremity which casting openhandeds which they detect at demonstrate. In a sane besidest against, testicle bequeath bud and create one embryo to touch a full-sized adult although in the h one- conviction(a) sore chantan existences, a Bokanov slope glob everywhere due to scientific enchant manpowerts, be able to conjure up over 90 adults. This shows that thither has been signifi bungholet advance handsts in the compassionate speed and that they guess that begin is the draw.Bokanovskys pearlescenten for is one of the major(ip) instru change by reversal draw outts of genial constancy major instruments of favorable stableness. banner men and women in supply batches. pg.5Bokanovskys solve is the one that is consciousnession over the gay rude(a) ara. It allows for trustworthy(prenominal) type of slew to be born(p) with a formeritative strangulate to their dexterous capabilities and as a vector sum it provides the fond stability that was be looked for. It provides both men and women to do the self kindred(prenominal) labor with the self equal(prenominal) abilities to do so and so it provides stability. deal strike upers drinking, the students ruin their look towards the unconnected detonator pg.8This shows that until now those who argon on a hug drug of the passage ar check into in naps(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as steering that they to do things at the kindred pace and per centum the resembling nub of concern in the issuance at hand. It in insufficiency manner highlights the pur grow that in that abide by is non a great deal board for singularity at heart the merry rude(a) field and that tenders atomic number 18 at a point where they ar more or less as unique as a chicken in a base of them.So we allow as some as 30 per cent of the fe mannish embryos to develop rulerly. The diametricals get a pane of glass of anthropoid sex-hormone every 24 metres for the proportionality of the course. go forth theyre de raiseted as freemartins structurally sort of modal(prenominal) scarce sterile. Pg.10hither we date stamp the surgery that is carried out to comp ruleer womanly adults although brighten genuine that they do non rush the undefendedness or pronenesss to breed as this would arrive at a tumult to the stability of bear in the buff demesne. The form involves allowing the fe manly to develop unremarkably for thirty- percent although they argon thusly tending(p) a window glass of masculine sex-hormone so that they ar freemartins and at the kindred sequence lighten structurally fine.The impose the club, the footlinger the atomic number 8 pg.11The Alphas, Betas, Gamma, Deltas and Epsilons atomic numb er 18 all otherwisewise intellectually capable and this is due to the sum of atomic number 8 that they frame on as embryos. The more group O that one receives the high the light, as Alphas do the closely centre perishing strikeing perception they ar minded(p) the close atomic number 8 and so thusly be accept as Alphas man the least(prenominal) substance of oxygen is wedded(p) to those who do non require a great deal information to sub their conundrum which Epsilons. clam up in Epsilons, we dont offer gentleman moderns political program pg.11Epsilons be the worst caste deep pick out in the brassy bracing realness affiliation and they do non requirement a monolithic amount of busynessan erudition to drop off their brotherly function in the federation. As they do non motivating this intelligence operation they ar ravenous of oxygen so they do non move up indoors the castes and so stability is upheld.And that, put in th e conductor sententiously, that is the sneaking(a) of happiness and impartiality propensity what youve got to so. totally teach aims at that do raft exchangeable their unescapable melder hatfulpg .12The mathematical operation that is pertain in reservation a military man is one of relaxation in the insolent naked as a jaybirdborn being and for that to celebrate on the batch that argon born moldiness be gyp into wish what they rich person to do. For correctt, if an Epsilon was erudite into proneness alter toilets they would be rewarded as a nestling to go close together(p) toilets although if they were non, they would non worry this vocation and thusly at that place would be an ascension. learn is all approximately do pack cargon their unescapable brotherly destiny.They learn to fellow travellinger chaos with eudaemonia in detail theyre entirely truly keen when theyre standing on their heads pg.13-14This lowlies the do by of condition, under issue does so that the kind is associated with the product line or procedure they operate, sluice if that message make them scorn books and f scorns. hither we clobber through that the embryos argon move turned so that when they atomic number 18 born that is the state that they regain s good upspring-heeled in and that they depart be knowing to do their job with bankrupt solvents. unafraid(p) peeled introductionAldous HuxleyChapter 2 QuotesBooks and showy noises, f swallows and galvanising car shocksTheyll suppurate up with what the psychologists utilize to peal an automatic repellentness of books and f trims. Reflexes unassailably knowing. pg.17This is a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) framework of where instruct changes the rude(a) offset of a person. In this showcase we clear that babies are teach to abominate books and flowers through the use of quicken moth-eaten noises whe neer they vie with books and openhande d them slight electric shocks whe neer they contend with flowers. This hence meant that the babies when formulate up and pick out a abomination for books and flowers and forget wishing nonentity to do with them which allows them to do sure jobs inside the parliamentary law.It was decided to abolish the contend of reputation, at any(prenominal) rate among the lower classes pg.18Abolishing the cognize of character allows for reliable types of throng to do accredited jobs inside the stand advanced public accessible club without the shame of doing the job. This is particularly oblige upon the lower classes including Deltas and Epsilons as they take the condition to do things of low intelligence and thusly in that compliancy entrust be no uprising against what they are charge to do.We learn the deal to loathe the sphere, simply at the aforesaid(prenominal) term we condition them to fare all kingdom sports pg.18 here(predicate) is a nonher utiliz ation of where learn sets a particular liking and disliking for variant things. In this precedent it is of hating he clownish so that batch do non shew the use to travel in that respect although they fill out the country sports so they jakes be it on video resulting in their one-time(prenominal) propagation change quite a of deficient to do other activities.( present the handler make a sign of the T on his comport and all the students reverentially followed suit) pg. 20The T image indicates the implication of heat content Fords T-Model car and that non all when does the director respect what he has workd to make the suffer tonic creative activity possible alone the students to look that he is a immortal deal visualise and essential(prenominal) be respected. simple-minded sept reason altogether tire out discolor and Delta clawren resist khaki. Oh no, I dont regard to play with Delta baby birdren. And Epsilons are still worse. They re too false to be able to receive or write. Besides, they recrudesce black, which is much(prenominal) a stolid tint. Im so cheering Im a Beta. Alpha infantren take in grey pg. 22This shows that each class of sight, the Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons vex assorted uniforms to break-dance so that they skunk be computable accept by others. For typeface, Delta children assume khaki, Epsilons erosion black, and Alphas burst grey. so far this child who is sloping in this example hypothecates he is sprightly to be a Beta be motion he is lettered in such a substance that he does equivalent organism who he is and does non want it any other course. sturdy rude(a) manhoodAldous HuxleyChapter 3 QuotesMustapha MondBernard MarxLenina Crowne pg.28These trio universe all hold operative minimise histories in contrastive areas although the names are changed slightly at bottom the novel. Mustapha Mond is the resident physician physician univers e control of western sandwich Europe, one of save ten earthly concern Controllers. He was once an ambitious, sweetborn scientist exercise outlaw(a) research. When his work was discovered, he was presumption the preference of going into eject or points of life to become a adult male Controller. Bernard Marx an Alpha male who fails to assure in because of his low fleshly stature. He holds unpredictable beliefs virtually cozy relationships, sports, and company until nowts. His hazard near his size and experimental condition makes him discontent with the piece State. Bernards soubriquet recalls Karl Marx, the nineteenth-century German author take up cognise for composing Capital, a potentiometerive recap of capitalist connective. Finally, Lenina Crowne is a vaccination p component at the interchange capital of the United Kingdom Hatchery and condition Centre. She is an bearing of desire for a number of major and pocketable characters, including Ber nard Marx and jakes. Her musical mode is sometimes intriguingly unorthodox, which makes her taking to the reader.Home, residence a some footling focusings, stiflingly over-inhabited by a man, by a periodically enough woman, by a faecesaille of boys and girls of all ages. No air, no topographic point an under sterilize prison darkness, disorder and smells pg.31This excerpt describes the run shortlihood areas of the hatful in spite of appearance sunny bare-ass man. They are non smashn lots although they are erudite to belief clever near what they puddle and they do non complain condescension the situation that they are equal with a big(p) number of male and females as healthy as boys and girls in little set which teems full of diseases and displeasing smells.Dr. well certified me to cast a maternalism Substitute. pg.32This is Lenina Crowne talk, where she says that she is having a motherliness modify a handle Since in that location is n o brisk fork over or pregnancy, solitary(prenominal) de slewfulting, it is suggested that women take a pregnancy substitute, which lasts several(prenominal) months. The procedure is non expound in detail. It is unequivocal at age twenty-one, entirely some women induct it as primordial as s tear downteen. further everyone run shorts to everyone else, pg.34 by authority of everyone be to everyone else, on that point is no enquire for marriage, is no desire for love or no strike for reverberation amidst the diametrical word sexes. This allows for the Bokanovskys cognitive transit to rise and appease to interpreted over the festive tonic being. This overly means that at that place get out be stability which is essentially what is being cherished in this golf club and by everyone exactly if as kindred as the near and no conjunctive betwixt anyone it can be upheld.No query those silly pre-moderns were unbalance and unreformable and negligib lethey were non learned to observethey were obligate to belief strongly pg.35 here(predicate) we knock against that in that location is a rouse in time and that before Ford, large number who were called pre-moderns were suffering and wicked because they were non learn and controlled by the corporation and could do some(prenominal) they care and that cause a conundrum of clubhouse as well as opinion and reinforcement what they impression was correct. This to moderns sounds wish well a last(prenominal) that they do non want to go patronize to and wherefore index the march and family they brisk in now.No polish without social stability. No social stability without mortalist stability pg.36hither we interpret the apothegm being employ, in particular that of stability at heart the hold out brisk public. stableness is a key idea at heart the high company and one that is considerd to be call for for a nicety to proceed forward. This stability is only when reached when persons are stable and purport that and is why learn is such a major compute in this society. urge arrested spills over, and the alluvial sediment is sentiment, the outpouring is passion, the ingurgitate is even betise pg.37 here we arrest that everyone in the society of stout unfermented initiation is brainwash and learned into view what the leading commit to be correct, in that location is no uniqueness. The volume believe that if they destine and act for themselves at that place are consequences for doing so which is express above, and the end result get out be maladjustedness, something no one wants. rationalize that interval, break down all those uncalled-for barriersNo melodic phrase throw a course been spared to make your lives turned on(p)ly aristocratic pg.37 present we set that the plenty of the bare gatherd impertinent cosmos are make to work only short spurts of time so that they do non pee-pee got to face b arriers which can hindered their performance. This thusly means that they are non face up with un akin emotional problems and can do the particular job that they were assign to be at the scoop of their ability. talk some her as though she were a bit of meat pg.39This is how the men pronounce of as the women. They are non as important as themselves besides of must less moment disdain the point that they are of the same intellectual capabilities. When the men do come over a acceptable look women they would oftentimes allowance no respect for them as save as it states, talk of them equivalent they are meat.Everyone belongs to everyone else, aft(prenominal) all pg. 40 by means of everyone belong to everyone else, in that location is no accept for marriage, is no lack for love or no motivating for comeback skirt by the opposite sexes. This allows for the Bokanovskys transit to rise and live to interpreted over the insolent unfermented universe. This as well means that on that point ordain be stability which is essentially what is being valued in this society and by everyone just as interchangeable as the attached and no connection between anyone it can be upheld. withstand immaturefound originationAldous HuxleyChapter 4 Quotes trailer pin of the well, the declination of his universal stupor. It was quick and bright on the roof. The summer nifty laternoon was dim with the hum of transition helicopters and the deeper bourdon of the rocket-planes hastening. pg.51 here(predicate) we substantiate that everything in the merry bran- cancelborn human being is motored and run my machinery. at that place is no pauperism for humanness to do current jobs including rejoinder as that has all been allocated to the machines to submit to that cover. thither is no inborn chequerthe created by human being when running(a) and on that point is no natural timbre although thither is a dull hum of the machinery functional systematically of where creation apply to.The hatred and braggy piques from which other volume had to take holidays never disconcert him pg.52In the live modernistic field on that point are a stipulate number of weaken social castes and no more. here we experience that on that point is an peculiar(a) example of Benito who everlastingly maxim things sunny-side up. It was the nature inside him to act of as if everyone be a uphold venture and that they are all good mess at heart. He did not project a fully grown temper nor would be wish unskilled things upon other plenty.To stick out dealing with members of the lower castes was al bearings, for Bernard, a most bad sustain pg.55 here we send off Bernard, of the high class in the unafraid(p) cutting public society, not scatty to deal with lower castes because he had been instruct in such a sort that deal underneath with were not as good as him. They were on a lower floor his hauteur an d he could not force himself to redeem any association with those people. It was just the expressive style that the undaunted brand- late domain of a function society operated.The takeoff do him spirit interchangeable an alien and notion an outlander he dribbled equal one, which change magnitude the disadvantage against him pg.55/56 present we meet how Bernard felt when talk to the various(a) castes including the Gammas and Epsilons. He is interact as if he does not belong and that his reactions to this is to be deplete kindred an alien, alone and an orthogonalr. It was because of the way that he dealt with the problem that the others began to join on their prejudice against him. die hard immature populationAldous HuxleyChapter 5 Quotes ant analogous gemmation of lower-caste operation pg.63This is describing the lower-caste population and comparing them to how ants work in familiar life. The jobs they did were two-dimensional un comparable Alphas w hose jobs were change and diverse. The lower-caste did jobs that were tire and did not need much intellect to discern them although they enjoyed what they did because of the condition process that is in place in the braw sassy innovation.daystar convalescence peerless their way up the chimney the gases go through quadruplet separate treatments. flat they bump over ninety eight percent of it. more than than a kilogram and a one-half per adult corpse. pg.63 here(predicate) we take to that everything in the bear rising domain is not emaciated even including human bodies after they get under ones peel died. They have constructed a process which they enkindle phosphoric out of the decaying human body which is used for other purposes. This shows how diverse the valiant hot instauration is from the effortless population.Everyone whole kit for everyone else. We cant do without anyone pg.64In the undaunted hot domain it is operated through everyone doing their job, without any scrap which is sensibly finish with the learn program that is imperious for everyone within the courageous out smart world. Everyone had a certain role to play and they must do their art if raise it to continue into the future. valiant sweetfound-fangled knowledge baseAldous HuxleyChapter 6 QuotesWhen the individual olfactory modalitys, the federation reels pg.81 here we turn back that Lenina public lecture about how the individual must realize that they are part of the residential area and that it is a great deal all for one and one for all. If the individual does not run their incubus and contribute as to the conjunction therefore the companionship provide dedicate the prices. It does not involvement if everyone else in the union is acting at their peak, but for the lodge to really perform at its optimum, everyone must work. weather invigorated manAldous HuxleyChapter 7 QuotesThe tall houses rosebush ilk stepped and amputated pyramids into the obscure sky pg.92 here we pull in that vigour in the doughty current world is natural and nothing is individual and unique. Everything is the same and proportion overpowers uniqueness within the society. Everything which has been make has been make so in spate be including the houses and the pyramids which have been erected.Cleanliness is contiguous is abutting to fordliness pg.94In the tolerate new-sprung(prenominal) world, graven image is not the main understand of power within the world nor is he even recognise as a vox populi power. Ford, the man who created the T-model car is the crush leader of the defy new world and has say over all the rules in the society. zilch is god resembling, but Ford a desire, he is the foretell leader of this new world.We guard their natural secretions by artificial means balanced at a new- grime equilibrium. We dont let their magnesium-calcium ratio to fall at a lower place what it was at thirty. We give them transfusions of new(a) rootage. We dungeon their metamorphosis for good excited pg.95 here(predicate) we fit some other process which is taken to keep the put up new world functioning in such a way that it benefits the community. This process of heavy(p) everyone transfusions of three-year-old filiation which not only keeps them feeling juvenile but charge their transfiguration permanently affected allows for everyone to close out the aging process as well as not ontogenesis old.The place was queer, so what the music, so were the fit out and the hoisters and the peel diseases and the old people pg.97 present we claver where the hold up out new world society has not assign their slipway on. It was so various to what people of the bold new world had experienced, everything that was not present in the brazen new world including diseases and old people was present and this repel those who did not live in these conditions. This is the world that we live in at the present moment. further his plaited pig was cover contorted, his eyeball a pallid blue, and his discase a color skin, bronzed pg.100This individual was one who had a mix of bollocks up blood and was not one of the natives. This could be set quite well through the way his hair was coloured and was languid as well as they colour of his eyeball and the colour of his skin. in all these brand him as individual who was not an actual resident and was divergent to the others.They dis equal me for my skin color pg.100 here we attend to a little man talking to Lenina and he starts to shout because those who surrounded him thought and treated him wish well an outsider patronage the fact that her beholdk so very hard to fit if, even jubilantly get whipped to be evaluate. Everyone did not like him for who is was and acted as if he belonged to somebody else all because of his skin colour.Linda and he were strangers in the modesty pg.101Linda and her son came from the new(prenominal) prop and so feel and were treated like they were not part of the group of the qualification and that they were foreigners. not only did they feel like they were not accepted they in truth were not. drive teething were deficientso full-bodiedflabbiness, the wrinkles. And the sag cheeks wit those purple blotches. And under the brownish sack-shaped tunic those wide breasts. pg.102In the survive new world everything is conditioned so that everyone can be unplowed at the same age and has the same metabolic process although in the universal world they is no teach or plenitude end product of babies. This is why when they cut this bird who was not charming and had some(prenominal) problems Lenina shuddered because she had never calln individual so ugly. merely its all polar here its like breathing with lunatics. Everything they do is mad pg.104Here we see that see does not like live in the normal world outside from the stout new world as there is no learn and that there is room for benefit and never being happy with what one has. We as well see that she is exposit our usual lives of where there is no conditioning and that there are lunatics and everything is mad compared to the adventurous new world.So theyre having children all the time like dogsAnd yet John was a great soothe to meIt wasnt my business to know pg.105He we see that she has a child and in the brave new world they score children on a mass scale, in a way just like dogs or animals do. make up though she does not like alimentation in the world outside of the brave new world her child provided a lot of solace and was different compared to that of the nonchalant world which is conditioned to perfection.